Panchang: Tithi, Vara, Nakshatra, Yoga, Karana

Thirty tithis fill a lunar month, fifteen in Shukla paksha and fifteen in Krishna paksha, including Purnima and Amavasya. The weekday lords are the seven physical grahas, leaving Rahu and Ketu without a vara of their own. The Moon's nakshatra is one of twenty-seven, the same list that starts Vimshottari in a birth chart, but today's star is not your birth star. Panchang yoga has its own names, Vishkumbha onward, produced by adding solar and lunar longitude and dividing by 13 degrees and 20 minutes. Karana splits each tithi in two. Seven karanas rotate: Bava, Balava, Kaulava, Taitila, Gara, Vanija, and Vishti. Four stand fixed: Shakuni, Chatushpada, Naga, and Kinstughna. Vishti is Bhadra, avoided for many shubh acts.

The limb in force at local sunrise is the one the civil date carries. A tithi that ends twenty minutes after sunrise still owns that date in the usual rule, and the next town's later sunrise may already have lost it. Indian Standard Time does not remove that difference. The clock is Asia/Kolkata, UTC plus 5 hours 30 minutes, with no daylight saving, while sunrise walks from the east coast to the west. A festival, a fast, or a muhurta copied from a national headline can be one limb off in your city. The birth chart does not use today's panchang as a substitute for the natal Moon. It uses the five limbs only when you are choosing a muhurta.

A raja yoga in a kundli is a relationship of house lords, such as a kendra lord joined to a trikona lord. A panchang yoga is a daily Sun-Moon sum with no lagna in it. They share an English word and nothing else. Muhurta reads the five limbs of the day you intend to act. Jataka reads the nine grahas in the twelve houses of the birth moment, timed by the 120-year dasha. Jyothish SI casts the jataka with Lahiri ayanamsa. For the five limbs of today, use a panchang computed for the city where the act will happen, not for a city you happen to follow online.